Poverty Of Poverty And Children - 1276 Words

In America, poverty and children is an ongoing issue and is happening today more than ever. Poverty is affecting our children today by creating learning problems during school for them, it is also creating more health issues for children. Not only is poverty creating direct problems currently but it is also creating problems for the future by creating a poverty cycle. There are many reasons why a child would be in poverty, but there are also many solutions to fix child poverty. Child poverty is a macroeconomics issue. This issue is closer than you think, It is happening at your local elementary school, It is happening everywhere. A study from the National Center for Education statistics states that 51 percent of the students across the nation s public school were low income in 2013†(southern education, 2013). That 51 percentage of students are living in poverty and their school work is being affected by it. It is not uncommon for a low-income student to worse in school than a m iddle-class student. Low-income students face the daily problems of possibly going to school with less concentration because they came to school hungry or tired, gaining less cognitive skills as a young child, and stress as a younger child can cause your brain to function differently. Students who come to school hungry concentration is not on the assignment that they are about to receive or the notes the teacher wants him/her to take, but their focus is on when lunch is coming so theyShow MoreRelatedChildren Of Poverty And Poverty1722 Words   |  7 Pages Children Living in Poverty Andrea Guzmà ¡n California State University, Fullerton I. NEEDS STATEMENT Children who live in extreme poverty or who live below the poverty line for multiple years appear, all other things being equal, to suffer the worst outcomes Income poverty is the condition of not having enough income to meet basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter. Because children are dependent on others, they enter or avoid poverty by virtue of their family s economic circumstances. ChildrenRead MoreChildren Of Poverty : Children1220 Words   |  5 PagesChildren Living in Poverty Twenty-two percent of children in the United states are living in families that have an income less than the federal poverty level, which is over sixteen million children living in poverty (National Center for Children in Poverty). Children are judged based on their parent’s financial standings, and children that are living in poverty are commonly made fun of, known as the outcast, and are isolated because they are different from most families. Whether it’s not having theRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 PagesHow Poverty Effects Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educationalRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Perez Mrs. Prince ENG 1113 16 November 2016 Poverty in America As of 2013 approximately 45 million people in America lived below the poverty line. In an average three-person household, an annual income of $20,090 is federally considered to be at poverty level. In the year of 2014, 44 percent of children under the age of 18 were living at or below the poverty level. Coming from a low economic standing can be detrimental for children’s physical and mental states. Pursuing a higher educationRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children859 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is existing worldwide epidemic and it is affecting millions of adults and children mentally, physically and emotionally .Poverty is the inability to purchase or have access to the basic human needs. This includes food, shelter, education, clean water and proper sanitation .It depends not only on income but also on access to services. In 1998 a UN Statement on poverty, signed by the heads of all UN agencies stated: defines poverty as â€Å"the denial of choices and opportunitie s, violation of humanRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children985 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty doesn’t have preferences, it doesn’t choose people by race, religion, or age. Many people don’t see the effects poverty has on people or sometimes they don’t care but you should. What if you were put in the situation where you lost everything and weren’t able to recover. Now imagine this is your child. Many people put a generic face upon poverty. Usually they see the poor African American person, or the old man who looks dirty, or even the woman who is selling her body just to buy a biteRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children1377 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty Poverty is a chronic issue not just within the United States but throughout the whole world, but one thing that people tend to overlook is the effect that poverty has on childhood. Many children grow up in poverty and the effects can last for a life time. For many of these kids who grow up in these conditions the effects include poor health, a high risk for teen pregnancy, and the lack of an education. Poor health is a direct of effect of poverty, children with families with no money orRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On Children945 Words   |  4 PagesPOVERTY MALNOURISHMENT Childhood and adolescence are expected to be the times of great functioning and physical health, yet poverty provokes this from occurring and children face poor health. Children living in poverty are at immense risk for their development, health and overall well-being. According to Komro, 2011, the absolute rate of poverty among children is higher in the United States than in other industrialized nations. Nationally, One in five children are living in poverty (Raphel,Read MoreSave The Children At The Poverty1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe question is how we save the children live in the poverty. Have you ever lived in the circumstance of the poverty? In the America’s society, children live in the poverty is a small percent. Contrary to foreign countries, there is large percent of children living in the poverty. I was born in the foreign country Vietnam. I have experienced and described when I was a kid. I have seen all the circumstances of children living in the poverty inclu ding myself. Back in Vietnam, My family and I was aRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1554 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Poverty on Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educational

Female Protagonists of Detective Narratives - 938 Words

This essay will focus on female protagonists who are the center and driving force behind a detective narrative. I will compare and contrast Clarice Starling in The Silence of the Lambs and Lisbeth Salander from The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo to explore two women that are progressive in breaking through traditional gender roles and are successful at portraying a female that goes against the grain. These women portray unique and progressive ideas about sexuality. Clarice and Lisbeth are two empowered females that are successful as detectives. Usually, a female in the center of detective film is misguided or taken advantage of because of the lack over control over their emotions. However, Clarice and Lisabeth are two examples of women that embrace their femininity in order to get closer to the killer. This paper will examine Clarice and Lisabeth from a post-feminist perspective to prove that these detectives are progressive in their roles. Mulvey suggests that women are passive objects on screen that are meant to be enjoyed and looked at at by the active male. Clarice and Slander can be seen as objects when critiquing it with just Mulveys theory, however when looked at from a post-feminist view it is clear that these women are intelligent in their roles as detectives, and they use their sexuality to help them excel in their careers. Secondly, Gates suggests that females as the center in a detective film become masculinized and if they do not end up in marriage or with love,Show MoreRelated Comparing ChinaTown and the Big Sleep Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesSleep   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ChinaTown, directed by Roman Polanski, is a non-traditional hard-nosed detective film made in the 70s. The typical elements of character type are there; J.J. Gittes (a private detective in LA) played by Jack Nicholson is the central character, sharing the spotlight is Fay Dunaway playing the femme fatale Evelyn Mulwray. This film breaks all types of norms when compared to the hard-nosed detective films it is modeled after. The film is filled with allusions to the Big Sleep, especiallyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem La Malinche 1269 Words   |  6 Pagescontemporary Chicana/o authors like Lucha Corpi and Michael Nava through their work challenge it and offer a reinterpretation of previously neglected historical figures. With Gloria’s transgression into traditional masculine spaces as a Chicana detective and the reinterpretation of La Malinche, Corpi in Black Widow’s Wardrobe makes justice to Malinche for the agency that she was deprived off by past hi storians, like Octavio Paz’s giving her a mislabel of la chingada. In a similar matter, Nava inRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Modern Detective Fiction1573 Words   |  7 PagesModern detective fiction has been employed cross-culturally predominantly with television media in recent decades as detective serve as reflections of cultural assumptions and values conveyed through the genre. Authors of new innovative storylines with unique characterizations and revitalizations of classic, ageless characters coincide to present new shift messages about crimes, the human element, and the detective. The comparable and divergent adaptations of detective genre is coming when comparingRead MoreGucci Guilty : The New Chapter1865 Words   |  8 Pagesthemselves. The introduction to the advert begins with the letters G and C fusing together to create the logo. Whilst the advert itself has both a male and female protagonist, driving fast and dangerously towards each other, we see a beautiful female with big bright red lips driving an automobile; the male is driving a motorbike. The red lips of the female represent a lot of things, as red is a powerful colour in media. The red lips, fast car and tight leather tell the audience that this is a woman whoRead MoreBig Sleep965 Words   |  4 Pageschosen film adhere to or diverge from the generic convention at play within the genre of the chosen film? ‘The Big Sleep (1946) starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall is one of Raymond Chandlers best hard-boiled detective mysteries transformed in to a Film Noir, private detective film classic. The Big Sleep is the best example of a classic Warner Brothers mystery. It is very complex, confusing L.A. private eye Phillip Marlowe takes on a blackmail case and follows a trail peopled with murdersRead MoreRidley Scotts Blade Runner - Ananalysis2682 Words   |  11 Pagesasked to consider the use and resolution of binary opposition and through analysis of narrative structure. In my assignment I am going to consider how the couple is represented, and how the narrative structure and binary oppositions have influence on the plot of the story. Bladerunner is a dark, futuristic science fiction movie, which has been described as a hybrid of science fiction, film noir, detective thriller, bounty-hunter western and love story. Thus, it is a complex film, and thereRead MoreAnalysis of Bladerunner Essay2605 Words   |  11 Pagesconsider the use and resolution of binary opposition and through analysis of narrative structure. In my assignment I am going to consider how the couple is represented, and how the narrative structure and binary oppositions have influence on the plot of the story. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Bladerunner is a dark, futuristic science fiction movie, which has been described as a hybrid of science fiction, film noir, detective thriller, bounty-hunter western and love story. Thus, it is a complex filmRead MoreAbstract Space : The Void1650 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween reality and illusion. As in Rebecca, the painting of Carlotta perpetually hovers over Vertigo’s narrative, and is given the potential to create a void within and to fracture a traditional narrative. The dead Carlotta, in the questionably stable mind of Scottie and Elster, shows a strong visual resemblance to the living Madeline, as if she was a reincarnation of the dead woman. In a narrative focalized through a heavily masculine lens, the painting represents an unattainable object of desireRead MorePaint It Black: The Evolution of Film Noir Essay examples1578 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature. Many hard-boiled pulp novels written by Raymond Chandler and James M. Cain, were adapted for the silver screen. In the book, â€Å"Film Noir Reader 3: Interviews with Filmmakers of the Classic Noir Period† Alain Silver states that â€Å"like its protagonists, film noir is more interested in style than theme, whereas American critics have been traditionally more interested in theme than style.† The aesthetics of film noir are synonymous with German Expressionism. In the film The Cabinet of Dr. CalgaryRead MoreModule a Clemmance - Distinctive Voices Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender1687 Words   |  7 Pagescomposer’s authorial voice in relation to relationships and the wider world to be expressed and communicated through different narrative voices. Using two prominent differentiating narrative voices, Day uses the character and voice of the protagonist, Claudia Valentine, and the antagonist, the crime overlord Harry Lavender, to not only juxtapose the nature of the protagonist and antagonist but also to express her realistic concerns about the moral decay of Sydney, to challenge the notion of stereotypes

Understanding Enterprise Entrepreneurship and Small Business

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Enterprise for Entrepreneurship and Small Business. Answer: Introduction: Modern information technology has dramatically changed the lives of organizations both business and training institutions. The wave of information technology has led to creativity and innovativeness which are the greatest strategies for business success (Crane Matten, 2016). With the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT), online shopping, social networking, digital marketing, and cloud computing have taken a high position in the business world. The use of ICT in the business operation of an education institution assists the management in ensuring systematic management of students data, timely monitoring of curriculum events, and enhancing instant student support programs over their portals (Scheer, 2012). As a result, the institution grows to a world class organization due to high quality and technology-based services offered to the stakeholders. Business training institutions investing in technology create a healthy innovation path which broadens the market share and overall competitiveness in the industry (Bridge O'Neill, 2012). Information and communication technology enable an organization to analyse customers data and efficiently make sound decisions applicable to the course of business life. The use of ICT in a training institution facilitates marketing of the organization's programs and business growth. This gets achieved through digital marketing that enables the marketing team to employ sophisticated technologies in promoting the organization's services all over the marketplace. The success of an institution is broad based to internet marketing. Information and communication technology assists the management in providing customer support services that satisfy their needs. Organizational operations success depends on understanding customers/students needs, behaviors, levels of satisfaction, and trends (Scheer, 2012). The use of internet technology hence enables the management to communicate with students both the existing and potential. Information technology is useful and valuable in resource management which acts as a key driver to business success. ICT plays a significant role in financial and human resource management by introducing a friendly solution in conditions of complex challenges (Klitmoller, 2011). Also, cloud technology enables systems analysts and engineers of an organization to add enterprise resource planning(ERP) solutions. The use of information technology assists the administration make the right decisions that cut across all departments of the institution. This is achieved through conducting a comprehensive technology-based research which gives the management all the most relevant data to make sound decisions (Crane Matten, 2016). The use of Google Analytics and Big Data as online research tools provides accurate data useful for decision making in the business operations. The use of ICT in an educational institution enables the organization store good records for future access and retrieval. Student enrollment data, procurement services, and hiring programs are adequately monitored by student data systems, project management programs, and employee management systems (Klitmoller, 2011). This, therefore, ensures the efficient passing of messages between various parties in the institution. In conclusion, long-term success in business is only achieved through the use of information and communication technology in business. Learning institutions need to invest in ICT to promote innovation and success in the industry. Therefore, hiring skilled IT experts, making real-time decisions, and innovating on business strategy results in business success. References Bridge, S., O'Neill, K. (2012).Understanding enterprise: entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business Ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Klitmoller, A. (2011). ICT and Knowledge Sharing in MNCs.Euram'11 Proceedings. Scheer, A. W. (2012).Business process engineering: reference models for industrial enterprises. Springer Science Business Media.

The Inside Job - Review free essay sample

ADMAP REVIEW OF THE MOVIE – INSIDE JOB Rohan Rambhia | PGP-10-155 Inside Job is an exemplary recount of how administrator’s role when exploited to form risky administrative strategies by means of faulty processes lead to a crisis of the stature of the recession of 2008. It is a comprehensive documentary which narrates the history of the collapse, not only going into great, informative depth about the risk-based strategies that put the global economy on the line, but looks back to the rise of the financial industry. The biggest question which the documentary arouses is that knowing what happened, why are the miscreants not being punished? As the director, Charles Ferguson, himself stated while receiving the Oscar, â€Å"Forgive me, I must start by pointing out that three years after our horrific financial crisis caused by massive fraud, not a single financial executive has gone to jail, and thats wrong. †1 Lets us first look at the prelude (context) of this financial crisis: ADMAP REVIEW OF THE MOVIE – INSIDE JOB The Clinton era (1990s) worked as a bridge between the Wall Street and the government. We will write a custom essay sample on The Inside Job Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More and more Wall Street CEOs gained access to the government, taking up administrative positions like 2 †¢ Robert Rubin On Wall Street: Chairman and COO of Goldman Sachs For the Government: Secretary of Treasury under Bill Clinton Laura Tyson On Wall Street: Board director of Stanley Morgan For the government: Chair of the US Presidents Council of Economic Advisers during the Clinton Administration. She also served as Director of the National Economic Council. during the Clinton Administration. In 1980s the era of President Ronald Regean – set the foundation for deregulation of various aspects of financial markets. The markets and financial services were deregulated, and the driving force for this liberalization was Alan Greenspan. The deregulation of Wall Street and the savings and loan industry led to less oversight (control and regulation), effectively leading to multiple cases of fraud, insider trading and bad loans/investments that led to massive losses. After â€Å"The Great Depression† of 1929, there was strict regulation for about 40 years. The financial industry was regulated and hence well under control. This was the time when financial services resigned to a simple system of borrowers and lenders. Bankers and traders earned income that matched most working Americans. †¢ †¢ On Wall Street: Paid keynote speaker at banks including Goldman and JP Morgan; keynote speaker at annual Alpha Hedge Bermuda Global Hedge Fund Summit; consultant to hedge funds including D. E Shaw. Larry Summers For the government: Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001, 2|Page In the Bush era (2000s), regulation was further relaxed and more and more Wall Street professionals became a part of the Government. With this increased inclusion of Wall Street into the Government, there were more and more cases of heavy lobbying, fraud, inflated speculation and unethical practices. Many specific laws were created to accommodate like financial biggies. The most prominent example was that related to Citi Corp’s merger with Travelers. The law prohibited a savings bank to merge with Investment bank. Instead of objecting this merger this deal was given an exemption from the law for a year and in the meantime ‘GrammLeach-Bliley’ Act was passed which validated the merger giving rise to Citi Group. During this period most of the regulatory safeguards were revoked, allowing for huge Wall Street mergers and new laws favoring the financial services industry. The derivatives industry got created, which Wall Street government-administrators refused to regulate. An attempt was made to bring under regulation only to be opposed by the major investment banks supported by the Wall Street professionals turned administrators. This era also saw Bankers and traders making huge commissions off â€Å"junk deals† that lead to the Dot-com bubble burst. ADMAP REVIEW OF THE MOVIE – INSIDE JOB Complex systems of investment were created, which tied everything from mortgages to credit up in the risky practices of the financial services industry. This resulted in inflated speculation and unethical practices by the nation’s leading finance, insurance and credit rating agencies, leading to the 2008 economic collapse. Some of the prominent Wall Street professionals/Academicians in the Bush Government and back to the Wall Street: 2 †¢ Hank Paulson On Wall Street: Goldman Sachs CEO For the government: Secretary of Treasury under George W. Bush Frederic Mishkin For the government: Mishkin was as a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve under George Bush. Academia: Professor at the Columbia Business School and coauthored a report called Financial Stability in Iceland†. †¢ †¢ David McCormick On Wall Street: President and CEO at FreeMarkets and President of Ariba, consultant with McKinsey Company. For the government: Under Secretary for International Affairs within the United States Department of the Treasury under George W. Bush 3|Page The Obama era promised to bring in a change and also brought with it a ray of dauntless hope failed to keep the Wall Street executives out of his Government. In fact most of the very same Wall Street execs-turned-government administrators who pitched the U. S. into multiple financial crises over multiple decades of unethical practices still hold high ranks in Obama’s cabinet. Following chart gives a comprehensive account of the turn of event: ADMAP REVIEW OF THE MOVIE – INSIDE JOB 1980s Regean Era. 1990s Clinton Era- Bridging Government and Wall Street. 000s The Bush Era- further deregulation and relaxed enforcement Aministrative ProcessComplex systems of investment are created Result inflated speculation and unethical practices leading to the 2008 economic collapse 2010 The Obama era Business as usual. The very same Wall Street execs-turnedgovernment administrators responsible are multiple financial crises still hold administrative positions in the Government. 20XX N o one knows when the next financial tnsunami will hit and more importantly how badly? Aministrative Process: Aministrative Unregulated Strategy: Laid the foundation Derivatives of deregulation. Industry Result: Multiple Result: â€Å"Junk financial crises deals† leading to the Dot-com over the bubble burst. decades. 4|Page Once the Wall Street executives got a foothold in the government, they started making and breaking the rules. These policies were bound to help them in making millions sometime in future due to the prevalence of the ‘revolving door’, whereby financial regulators could be hired within the financial sector upon leaving government. Also, many of the former Wall Street execs took up posts in Academia along with working as consultants. Thus the financial sector looked as following: Inside Job breaks down the complexities that led to the rise of an out of control industry and the financial meltdown of 2008, plunging the world into crisis at a cost of $20 trillion and along with it millions of people’s jobs, homes, and dignity. Let’s look at how (roles and strategy) under the banner of â€Å"innovation,† the Politician/Lobbyists-cum-Financial Executives-cum-Academicians led to the big bubble bursting to the entire world. ADMAP REVIEW OF THE MOVIE – INSIDE JOB Wall Street Executives Academicians Financial Crisis Consultants Financial Regulators (Cabinet positions) Due to the interchangeability of the positions there often arouse conflicts of interest. These conflicts of interest affected credit rating agencies as well as academics that received funding as consultants but didn’t disclose this information in their academic writing. 5|Page ** signifies ? contributed to A startling example given by Charles Ferguson is that of the derivatives market. The high risks that began with subprime lending were transferred from investors to other investors who, due to questionable rating practices, falsely believed that the investments were safe. And these rating were done by Academicians-Consultants who were given millions of dollars for these false ratings. On being questioned by the law about the validity and basis for those ratings, the only answer which was given was that at that time they believed (or were made to believe) that those investments were good. Due to these false ratings the lenders were pushed to sign up mortgages without regard to risk, or even favoring higher interest rate loans, since, once these mortgages were packaged together, the risk was disguised. According to the film, the resulting products would often have AAA ratings, equal to U. S. government bonds. The products could then be used even by investors such as retirement funds which were required to limit themselves to the safest investments. ADMAP REVIEW OF THE MOVIE – INSIDE JOB Another issue highlighted is that of the high pay in the financial industry, and its growth in recent decades out of proportion to the rest of the economy. Even as the banks that failed, the bank executives make hundreds of millions of dollars in the period immediately up to the crisis, all of which was kept, suggesting that the risk/benefit balance had been broken. Another issue depicted by the film is that of the role of academia in the crisis. Many of the leading professors and leading faculty members of the economics and business school establishments often derived large proportions of their incomes from either engaging as consultants, or speaking engagements. For example, current dean of the Columbia Business School, Glenn Hubbard received a large percentage of his annual income from either acting as a consultant or through speaking engagements. Hubbard was also affiliated with KKR and BlackRock Financial. In the documentary, Hubbard as well as current chairman of Harvards department of economics, John Y. Campbell, denied the existence of any conflict of interest between academia and the banking sector, but their actions spoke otherwise. Graph: Wall Street bonuses 3 before and after the crisis 6|Page American investment policies of the past decades and their deregulation over time, gave rise to an age of speculative investment banking and high-stakes trading. This led to predatory lending, CDOs, derivatives and mortgage fraud, ultimately leading Wall Street and its associated institutions to gamble with the fortunes of others. AIG, the worlds largest insurance company, sold huge quantities of derivatives, called credit default swaps. For investors who owned Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), credit default swaps worked like an insurance policy. An investor who purchased a credit default swap paid AIG a quarterly premium. If the CDO went bad, AIG promised to pay the investor for their losses. It’s clear by now that the main reason of the financial meltdown was the unregulated derivatives market but many different and innovative ideas led to the final breakdown. Now let’s look at these processes involved. ADMAP REVIEW OF THE MOVIE – INSIDE JOB Since credit default swaps were unregulated, AIG didnt have to put aside any money to cover potential losses Instead, AIG paid its employees huge cash bonuses as soon as contracts were signed. People were essentially being rewarded for taking massive risks. They generated short-term revenues and profits, and therefore were awarded with huge bonuses. That was a totally distorted system of compensation. Figure 4: AIG and Credit default swaps. The facility of insurance is not unusual. But the extended part of the insurance was shocking. Unlike the regular insurance, speculators could also buy credit default swaps from AIG in order to bet against CDOs they didnt own. In this way the derivatives universe enabled anybody to insure without actual ownership. So, if the CDO defaulted and a number of credit default swaps were issued against it, the number of losses in the system became proportionately larger. 7|Page In the end, it seems no one can be trusted. Even Obama, who represented change and hope, is himself heading a Wall Street government. When everything seems to fail, there is only one thing that can be done – have law enforcement that is necessary to enforce the laws we have. Thus the initial idea of President Reagan that it was ‘unAmerican’ that in this capitalist society that oversight and restrictions should exist and that the companies would check themselves, eventually led to a serial of disastrous crises. Even now when many financial regulations are put back in place, the underlying system has not changed; rather the remaining banks have only become bigger, and have retained their incentives. Conclusion: Thus Investment banks started selling CDOs specifically designed so that the more money their customers lost, the more money they made. Effectively they led the financial industry run the world into a huge economic crisis, while the industry itself earned from it. Going a step further some investments banks like Goldman Sachs didnt just sell toxic CDOs; they even started actively betting against them at the same time. On one hand they were telling customers that these were high-quality investments and on the other hand they themselves were shorting them. Investment banks also bought swaps from AIG, bet against CDOs they didnt own (in fact the ones which they sold), and got paid when the CDOs failed. ADMAP REVIEW OF THE MOVIE – INSIDE JOB 8|Page References: ADMAP REVIEW OF THE MOVIE – INSIDE JOB 1. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=mpz5DVwnbnk=player_embedded 2. http://www. businessinsider. com/people-who-have-worked-on-wall-streetwashington-white-house-2011-3? op=1#ixzz1Iugg1kcq 3. http://streetlightblog. blogspot. com/2011/02/plateau-in-wall-streetcompensation. html 4. http://gulzar05. blogspot. com/2008/09/nationalization-of-aig. html 9|Page

9 Professional Lessons from Donald Trump

9 Professional Lessons from Donald Trump Hate him or love him, Donald Trump has proved to be an†¦ummm, colorful addition to the 2016 presidential race. But long before he was wearing those Make Donald Trump Again hats, he was a go-to resource for flashy business entrepreneurtainment. Now, we’re not recommending a full on Trump-ification of your professional life, but here are some things we’ve learned from him (even if it’s what not to do) that could be applied to our own careers.1. Never let them forget your name.via Richard Bravo2. How ’bout a little flash?via Wikipedia3. Try new things.4. Be ready for the unexpected.5. Don’t take your job for granted.6. Don’t hate the player, hate the game.(Unless you do hate the player- in which case don’t go on a Twitter tirade against said player.)via BoardGameGeek7. Sometimes you just need a break.8. You’re not here to make friends.9. It ain’t over ‘til it’s over.via AmazonOh, and this goes without sayin g. Don’t sell steaks at sharper image. You will fail. Period.

Funny Collection of Napoleon Dynamite Quotes

Funny Collection of Napoleon Dynamite Quotes There is almost an entire generation that will testify that Napoleon Dynamite is one of the best  comedy movies ever. Are you one of those people? It is an incredibly quotable movie was an instant cult-classic. Kip Napoleon Dynamite Napoleon Dynamite: Hey can I use your guyss phone for a sec?Secretary No. 1: Is there anything wrong?Napoleon Dynamite: I dont feel very good.(takes telephone and dials)Kip: (making nachos on the other line) Hi.Napoleon Dynamite: Is grandma there?Kip: No, shes getting her hair done.Napoleon Dynamite: Ugh!!Kip: What do you need?Napoleon Dynamite: Can you just go get her for me?Kip: Im really busy right now.Napoleon Dynamite:  Just tell her to come get me.Kip: Why?Napoleon Dynamite: Cause I dont feel good!Kip: Well, have you talked to the school nurse?Napoleon Dynamite: No, she doesnt know anything. Will you just come get me?Kip: No.Napoleon Dynamite: Well, will you do me a favor then? Can you bring me my chapstick?Kip: No, Napoleon.Napoleon Dynamite: But my lips hurt real bad!Kip: Just borrow some from the school nurse. I know she has like five sticks in her drawer.Napoleon Dynamite: Im not gonna use hers, you sicko!Kip See ya.Napoleon Dynamite: Ugh! Idiot! Don Napoleon Dynamite Don: Hey, Napoleon. What did you do last summer again?Napoleon Dynamite: I told you! I spent it with my uncle in Alaska hunting wolverines! Grandma Napoleon Dynamite Grandma: How was school?Napoleon Dynamite: The worst day of my life, what do you think? Deb Napoleon Dynamite Deb: What are you drawing?Napoleon Dynamite: A liger.Deb: Whats a liger?Napoleon Dynamite: Its pretty much my favorite animal. Its like a lion and a tiger mixed... bred for its skills in magic. Rex Rex: At Rex Kwan Do, we use the buddy system. No more flying solo. You need somebody watching your back at all times. Second off, youre gonna learn to discipline your image. You think I got where I am today because I dressed like Peter Pan over here?(pointing to Napoleon) Pedro Napoleon Dynamite Napoleon Dynamite: What kind of bike do you have?Pedro: Its a sledgehammer.Napoleon Dynamite: Dang! You got shocks, pegs... lucky! You ever take it off any sweet jumps? Pedro Napoleon Dynamite Pedro: If I win, you can be my secretary or something.Napoleon Dynamite: Sweet! Deb Kip Deb: Im trying to earn money for college.Kip: (from the background) Your mom goes to college. Uncle Rico Uncle Rico: How much you wanna make a bet I can throw a football over them mountains? Yeah. Coach woulda put me in fourth quarter, we wouldve been state champions. No doubt. No doubt in my mind.

New Aldonias Admission to the United Nations Assignment

New Aldonias Admission to the United Nations - Assignment Example l States that love peace and those that accept the obligations documented in the UN Charter; in the organization’s judgment, are capable of carrying out these obligations. From the history evidenced in New Aldonia, it is quite satisfying that this State has tried its best to keep peace through fighting for their independence, thus showing they respect the rights of their citizens, giving a reason enough to be admitted to the United Nations. According to the Montevideo Convention initiated in 1933 on Statehood, the criteria are: a defined territory; the capacity to relate well with different nations; a permanent population, and a government (Fassbender 36). New Aldonia meets all these conventions and there is no reason enough to exclude its membership. The legal and political existence of New Aldonia is independent of recognition by other nations. Even before recognition, New Aldonia has the right to protect its independence and integrity, since it provides its prosperity and conservation. New Aldonia should organize itself as it sees fit, to enact upon its interests, for the reason that it has already defined the competence and jurisdiction of its courts, and also administered its services to justify that UN should admit

Determinism and free will Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Determinism and free will - Essay Example The contrast of determinism is free will. The text was quite interesting, which provoked my decision of choosing it. The text talks about the free will and the truth of determinism. Many occasions human beings find themselves in agony when they are making decisions. The text gave me an insight of understanding that there are provoking factor when human being making choices in life and the decision that they make are sometimes determined by other occurrences. Since before I took this course and read a text about the free will and determinism. I had a thought that we human beings being the superior creatures in the beautiful world we are at liberty to choose to undertake what we wish to. This notion was erased by the knowledge that I got from the text about the Holbach and Taylor on determinism/free will (Holton 415). This reality was quite impressing to me that it motivated me to write about it from my primary course. When I first read the above text, my initial thoughts were diverse. First, I thought that if all human being were considerate and humane enough then it will be of no essence to have rules and regulations governing them. Since if one does everything while back in mind having the idea of the probable consequences to him or her also to the surrounding. Secondly, the other thought that I had was that if people were always driven by necessity. When they are in a position to recognize it, then they would not have been pushed into doing what they are expected of them. For instance, we as students recognize what we are expected to achieve in this course, and then would not have waited up to when we are given assignment to do it. If necessity were a guiding principle, then we could have done the assignment earlier and achieve what our course is set to give us. Finally, the last thought that I had was that if all humankind were conservative enough to the others as they are to themselves. Thus , the issues of having ill

Broken Homes Essay Example for Free

Broken Homes Essay He made it sound like that’s the reason why I became a secularist. Having a bad experience growing up, growing up without a father or being in a broken family are common misconceptions that the theists think about the secularists. Both of my parents consider themselves as cafeteria Catholics, for short, secular people. They may be annulled, but they said that they felt happier when that came. According to the elders, people wouldn’t say that they came from a broken family because of heavy religious influence which makes them think that they are heretics. At the present time, people are very open about it and it is accepted in the society. Today, the religious community are alarmed with the boom of divorce within their society. According to this, 20% of Catholics and Protestants and 40% of Jewish marriages end in divorce after 5 years. Also, the Barna Research Group stated that in the United States, 11% of the adult population is divorced, 25% of adults have had at least one divorce during their lifetime and divorce rates among Christians are significantly higher than those of other religious denominations, and much higher than atheists and agnostics. The results from their research about divorce rate by religion show that: 1. Non-denominational (Evangelical Christian congregations that are not affiliated with any specific denomination) – 34% have been divorce 2. Baptists – 29% 3. Episcopal – 28% 4. Pentecostal 28% 5. Methodist – 26% 6. Presbyterian – 23% 7. Lutheran – 21% 8. Catholic – 21% Their research proved that the conservative Christians have the highest divorce rate, while the mainline Christians have a lower divorce rate. They found some new information that states that atheists and agnostics have the lowest divorce rate at all. The Associated Press confirmed the results of the research. There was a point in time where the Baptists had the highest divorce rate of any Christian denominations. Another research about divorce rates by religion stated that: Jews – 30% have been divorced Born-again Christians – 27% Other Christians – 24% Atheists and agnostics – 21% Ron Barrier, spokesperson of the American Atheists commented about the research. He said: These findings confirm what I have been saying these last five years. Since Atheist ethics are of a higher caliber than religious morals, it stands to reason that our families would be dedicated more to each other than to some invisible monitor in the sky. With Atheism, women and men are equally responsible for a healthy marriage. There is no room in Atheist ethics for the type of ‘submissive’ nonsense preached by Baptists and other Christian and/or Jewish groups. Atheists reject, and rightly so, the primitive patriarchal attitudes so prevalent in many religions with respect to marriage. StopTheReligiousRight.org also commented: We hear an awful lot from conservatives in the Bible Belt and on the TV about how we all should be living. Certainly a culture that teaches the conservative religious values of the Christian right must have clean living written all over it. And lots of ripe fruit from their morally superior lives abounding. It doesn’t. Far from it. People that talk the loudest may be the ones walking the slowest. Joining its history of Biblically correct bigotry and discrimination, it is an area with the highest divorce, murder, STD/HIV/AIDS, teen pregnancy, single parent homes, infant mortality, and obesity rates in the nation. As a region, the Bible Belt has the poorest health care systems and the lowest rates of high school graduation. So, before theists say something about secularists growing up in broken families, they should look at the statistics and see the reality about what’s happening in the religious community. Copyright  © 2000 to 2009 by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance Originally written: 2000-APR-27 Latest update: 2009-JUL-20 Author: B.A. Robinson Youngblood One broken family By Joyce Raboca Philippine Daily Inquirer First Posted 00:51:00 12/18/2008 Filed Under: Social Issues, Charter change, Graft Corruption Jose Rizal wrote a chapter in ?El Filibusterismo? ironically titled ?Maligayang Pasko? [Merry Christmas]. Basically, it narrates the fate of the Family De Dios, who had something other than a merry Christmas. The daughter, Juli, became a maid; the grandfather, Tata Selo, went mute; and the father, Tales, was kidnapped by rebels. All this while the Spanish priests went merrymaking over the ill fortune of this family. While I do love this lesson in Filipino, I can?t help but feel sadness, even bitter resentment, over how our fate has never really changed from that time. We Filipinos are still a broken family, especially this Christmas. Before I continue, let me first give a Merry Christmas greeting to every uncorrupted politician, tooth fairy, reindeer, principled Philippine president, and elf out there. As a teenager in her senior year in high school, I have definitely felt the Christmas spirit from such characters. As I was scanning the news with my dad the other day, I read about an ?uncorrupted politician? whose case was dismissed because he was not put on trial early enough. They used this fancy label for it too: ?clear transgression of the constitutional rights of the accused.? I was a little confused and asked my lawyer father to explain it to me. I had to digest his answer for a while and, being naà ¯ve, I had to ask for some clarification. ?So the court said that because the trial took too long to process, he can go free asked my father. ?Does that mean all the thousands of cases that have been sitting around with the Sandiganbayan for more than five years are being dismissed as well Apparently not. Just when I thought it was never too late for justice to be served (especially in the Philippines, where the justice system is always 10 years too late), connections once again overpowered justice. But the wrongly accused and impatient defendants have to be friends with the ombudsman first, I believe. So thanks to the uncorrupted politician, I have finally realized what  Christmas is all about. The tooth fairy has also decided to visit and spread the Christmas spirit in the form of plundered money. Hooray for those who put morality under their pillow! In recent weeks, another former top official decided that lying, stealing and making a run for it should merit him freedom and a gift. Perhaps he wants his teeth back? But teeth cannot be grown back once you?ve put them under your pillow, and toothless is the man whose honesty has been bought by hundreds of millions of pesos from the tooth fairy. I will definitely bear that in mind this season. Maybe the tooth fairy will come and leave me a few billion pesos in exchange for my honesty as well. Our painfully principled President has decided to steal Santa?s reindeer this year and ride him across the country. I believe his name is Cha-cha. Although she says that the reindeer is bringing Santa?s big bag of solutions to the country?s problems, I now have doubts that Cha-cha the reindeer ever belonged to Santa. After all, the song never mentions a reindeer named Cha-cha. Hmm ? that seems a little bit suspicious. I just hope she won?t be riding that reindeer in 2010. That would be a heavier weight on all of us (and not just on Cha-cha) come next Christmas. As for my own life, college is around the corner, and I?m waiting for Santa?s elf to come ask me what I want for Christmas. Other than a box of transparent candies to send to the government, I would like to get into the top two colleges to which I applied for admission. January 2009 is acceptance month and I am hoping at least that Christmas stays bearable ? maybe even enjoyable ? until the results of the exams come out. And when those results come out, I hope I won?t come down with a case of ?senioritis,? a sickness common to high school seniors after being accepted to a college. The symptoms include lazing around, slacking off, and developing grade apathy. That would not be a good thing, especially since our parents are Santas (shh, don?t tell them I know). As for all of you, be happy with the shallow merry-making for now, because we Filipinos are not going to find merriment in having Spanish priests running the country this Christmas. Maybe next year we won?t lose our voice amid the injustices, like Tata Selo in ?El Filibusterismo.? Like Juli and Tales, maybe next year we will be free from injustice and the craziness of our politics. Maybe next Christmas, the reindeer, the elf, and the tooth fairy will bring nationalism, honesty and justice back to our country. In the meantime, Merry Christmas!

Essay --

For the Mars City Alpha Design project our group had been assigned The HAR unit (Health and Recreation). We are in charge of maintaining the physical and psychological health of all the crew members, 25 people. This is a huge responsibility because if this unit were to fail the whole mission would be compromised. For this project we were assigned groups of 5 people and each person had the select one of the five individual units which is; a Leisure and Exercise facility, a Personal Hygiene facility, a Galley Facility, a Health Maintenance facility, and a Crew quarters facility. I selected the Health Maintenance Facility. I are in charge of preventing sickness by promoting health; in addition I should be able to take care of an emergency situation that might happen because there is not a chance of returning to earth unless you can survive a trauma for 3 years. I also give diagnostics, medical checkups, health monitoring and routine and trauma treatment. My facility help the colonists live and work by providing healthcare, and weekly check-ups and monitoring so we can detecting sickness or diseases early and be able to treat effectively and safety so that person can go back to duty quick because everyone counts when you are on Mars. During this project we were in charge of research and reading about our unit. During my research I found a lot of shocking things on the physiology of space flight. When in space the Crew Member are exposed to a lot of dangerous disease such as Fluid Redistribution which causes the fluid in the body to travel to the upper body and causes the symptoms of the common cold. Also in space because the loss of fluid they also lose 22% of their blood volume, because it has less to pump the heart will begin to a... ...n to help monitor the mental health of astronauts. My facility interacts will other facility rarely. I reply on the waste management to get rid of bio-waste. Also the Energy management too supply me with electrical to operate my unit. I’ve learned many things about mars so I will list the most important ones 1. Mars has the tallest mountain in the Solar System, It’s called Olympus Mons 2. We have pieces of Mars on Earth 3. Mars consists of 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1.6% argon and trace amounts of water and oxygen. 4. The first telescopic observation of Mars was done by Galileo Galilei 5. Mars has all four seasons like of Earth 6. Mars is host to five functioning spacecraft: three in orbit — the Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and two on the surface — Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity and the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity.

Traditional Ways of Meranao Courtship

TRADITIONAL WAYS OF MERANAO COURTSHIP Introduction: Marriage in Meranao society is not just a simple romantic one-to-one relationship between boy and girl; rather, it is a fusion by defiant ties of two families seeking to establish socioeconomic and political relations with one another. I. Courtship A. Selecting a mate B. Courtship prior to marriage C. Manifesting the intent for marriage D. Deliberation of the proposal E. The engagement periodF. Training to assume rights and duties INTRODUCTION Marriage in Meranao society is not just a simple romantic one-to-one relationship between boy and girl; rather, it is a fusion by affiant ties of two families seeking to establish socioeconomic and political relations with one another. Traditional marriage has therefore always been contracted through parents, although the practice is slowly becoming modified to conform to the times.It is, therefore, clear why the reckoning of the salsila genealogical record, occupies a significant niche in the Meranao mind. In fact, in considering marriage, what the pananalsila ‘salsila expert' says or reveals about the lineage of the parties concerned can become crucial in the decision to proceed with the marriage or not. It is part of one's group consciousness or pride (maratabat) to see the individual's marriage establishes strong family relations.The study will only focus to the traditional ways of courtship and marriage of Maranao and on how courtship and marriage happen. The objective of this study was to know more about the traditional ways of courtship and marriage of Maranao man and woman because the time is now escalating the western influences and it causes forgetfulness of Maranao culture. The study was made possible to the internet websites, books, magazines, and news. I. Courtship A.Selecting a mate The Meranao courtship may start either prior to or after marriage. There are proofs to show the existence of courtship prior to marriage. There are a number of cases in wh ich the couple does not see each other until their wedding day because their selection of a partner is usually undertaken by parents, kin, or the community. In some cases, children may be betrothed as infants or promises may be made between families regarding children still unborn.Even children who are allowed to confide to their parents their wish to marry, because of personal attraction, is subject to the decision of the parents or kindred. Arranged marriage is prevalent in Meranao society because of family social and economic factors which are given prime importance, that is, marriage is seen as an institution establishing a union between two families. It is a bond uniting two families in which the sharing of problems and happiness is the major consideration.Thus children to be â€Å"married off† are always told the practical reasons for the union such as: the other family can give you happiness, or can bring up; it has many members who help one another, who do not bother their in-laws, who belong to the royal blood; the intended spouses will be a good wife or a husband, responsible one, and many others. These social and economic considerations subordinate the romantic factors in marriage, although the latter is not totally ignored. The marriageable children have themselves no much choice in the marriage.Meranao parents who â€Å"marry off† their children usually do not ask for their approval. The prospective spouse is usually chosen first from among the relatives. If no relative qualifies the search movies on to the neighborhood and if there is no one there either continues on to other people elsewhere. Meranao do not like their children to marry non-Meranao women, but especially non-Meranao men. Deviats of this norm have been made almost outcasts of the society. Consciousness of kind is very strong among Meranao.Because of the practice of arranged marriage, actual courtship of the individual bride herself may continue or begin after the wedd ing ceremony. This is the boy’s task, with his parents and in-laws acting as the pressure group for the girl’s acceptance of the marriage. The mechanism or procedure is not established, as it is based on individual personal ability or patience. B. Courtship prior to marriage Courtship prior to marriage is given importance in Meranao society. It is highly regulated, which practically makes it a very delicate task to handle.There are norms that must be followed. Violation of these norms brings violence in the community. As already stated, courtship is either an individual or group endeavor. As an individual work, it is expected of a man not of the woman and, traditionally, the act is not primarily directed at the latter herself. It is may be directed at her guardians, kin or any other influential person who has the say in the conduct of her marriage. If ever it is directed at the girl, her influential kin must not be disregarded or the boy will meet obstacles when his ma rriage is proposed.In the rural areas, it is usually done at a nocturnal visit in the house of the girl, in a gathering, or in the working place. The boy must behave in the most acceptable manner without showing any aggressiveness to the girl. When he comes up in the house, he is not entertained by the girl but any old folk in the house, particularly the girl’s mother. He may be served cigarettes or a betel quid or, nowadays, a snack. This encounter is usually characterized by a display of skills in pananaroon or tobad-to-bad (short poetic love poem in classical Meranao language) by both parties.In most instances, this tobad-to-tobad triggers the boy’s emotion to propose marriage by requesting or confiding to his parents or to his close relatives about his wish to be married off. It may also scare him so that he will disappear from the house especially if he finds the situation not suitable. In the past aside from the vocal renditions, musical instruments have been emp loyed to convey the sentiment of the both parties. In this case, the boy and the girl enjoyed themselves but they were left alone since the activity was a group endeavor. The girl had her company; so had the boy.Her parents would even participate. The musical instruments were either the insi (bamboo flute) or a three-string guitar called kotiyapi or the musical activity could have been a kalilang (playing of musical instruments composed of two big gongs, 7 small graduated gongs and a drum). A boy may also express his love by sending a kirim (highly poetic love letter) to the girl. This kirim, however, is not kept confidential. The girl shows it to her companions, to her mother or to other old folks, not only because there is pride in having received it but also to solicit opinions on how to handle it.Aside from nocturnal visit, a boy can also court in any appropriate gatherings, as in a kanggawi or a vigil or in group games by boys and girls; or in a kalilang, where boys and girls e xhibit their expertise (a practice inhibited since Martial Law). C. Manifesting the intent for marriage When the parents like to marry off their son, they usually look for a go-between to do preliminary negation, called the kapangakap o kapanokatokay (literally, â€Å"knowing†). This go-between talks secretly to the parents of the girl regarding the intent.As go-between, he may be frankly told by the parents of the girl not to pursue the intent in some reasons, or he may be made to feel their openness to the proposal. Whatever may be the result, the go-between conveys it to the parents of the boy in euphemistic language. If the result of his preliminary talk is negative, he does not openly tell the parents of the boy so, in order to avoid embarrassment. He finds other reasons to explain why their intent is not viable. But if the result has been a positive, he tells to pursue their intent.Thus the next move of the parents and kin of the boy, accompanied by the go-between, is t o visit the girl’s parents. In this visit, they may not mention anything about their intent, or formally propose the marriage of their son. This procedure is called kapangilaylay (citing). In opening the proposal, the spokesman of the boy’s parents, usually the go-between, states their intent by saying: â€Å"We come here because of our intent to let [mentioning the name of the boy] live with you, if you do not mind. † Later, he states the betang they can afford.He does not say it explicitly in plain language but expresses it as a lot (potluck) of the boy. The girl’s parents or their representative makes a response, which is neither acceptance nor refusal, but a deferment of their decision on the matter. The delay may be days, weeks or months, depending upon the time they need to convene their relatives who will decide the matter. But, before they make the response, they claim the kawasa tig or diyalaga. This is an amount ranging from P100 and up for the opening of the discussion for marriage; some say it is a token of honor to the bangsa (descent) of the girl.But actually, the amount is used to defray expenses incurred during the discussion of the marriage proposal. D. Deliberation of the proposal and the taalik After the girl’s side has decided on the betang, it conveys the decision to boy’s side, or both parties come on a set date to formally deliberate on the matter. If they meet on cetain date to deliberate on it, both parties bring their maongangen (a person who has wisdom in public speaking). In this open meeting, both parties display their poetic and oratorical skills.The girl’s side formally states its response to the proposal. The boy’s side may ask for postponement in order to study some point in question, say the betang, or bargain secretly if there has been no prior bargaining made. Usually, however, they readily accept the response of the girl’s party. This smooth agreement in the ope n is made possible because there usually has been already a previous underground negotiation and agreement made with the go-between before the formal opening of the public ceremony.Everybody knows that what is publicly displayed has been already privately agreed upon. When both parties have agreed on the betang, the taalik is set. It is usually chosen by the boy’s side with the consent of the girl’s kin. It is may be several days, months or years hence, depending upon the capabilities of the boy to put up the demanded betang and/ or the maturity of prospective bride and groom in the case of children marriages. When the taalik comes and the boy’s parents wish to move it for some reasons, they may ask for postponement.They are allowed postponement three times but for each one, they are required to put up part of the betang to make sure they do not back out of the agreement.. The interim before the taalik is time for both parties to observe one another’s cha racters, and the boy and his parents’ opportunity to prove their best to their prospective in-laws so that when the wedding comes, they may be able to reduce the betang if they connot completely put it up. It is also time for them to pool together resources to meet the betang, that is, to collect the expected share of every relative in the betang no matter how poor the may be.If the boy’s side fails to put up the betang on the final date, the marriage proposal is annulled, especially if the girl’s parents do not give it any further chance. If this happens all the expenditures of the boy’s side are forfeited. On the other hand, if the girl’s side rejects the proposal before the taalik has came it shall refund all the expenses of the boy and pay a fine imposed for the breach of contract, unless there is a grave offense committed against the girl of the family honor and integrity, such as oral defamation, slander or some other insult.The fine shall be determined by the taritib and igma or by amicable settlement by the go-between through the kokoman a kambatabataa. E. The engagement period While waiting for the taalik to come, many things are expected to happen. The relatives of the boy may perform the kapaniwaka or siwaka. This is a gift-giving of raw food by the parents of the boy to the parents of the girl. In the past, it is composed mainly of betel nut and leaves, lime, tobacco (or imbama) and other items in bundles or sacks. Kapaniwaka is believed to be determinant of status of both parties.It carries with it prestige: the greater the items given, the higher is the prestige of the giver and receiver. Kapaniwaka actually is a courtship mechanism designed to win the love of the girl and her kin. Aside from the kapaniwaka, the boy may start eating with girl, a ceremonial act and status called kaatoang. The prospective bride and groom eat from a brass tray (tabak); in the urban area a table is used. During first meal together, chaperons accompany them. After sometime, the two are left alone at the meal, but they are always under watch secretly by the people in the house.This situation makes the boy extra careful in his dealing with his sweetheart. Before the boy can eat with the girl, however, a leka sa dulang (literally, opening of the food on the tray) is asked of him by the guardians of the girl. This is an amount which varies from one place to another and the family of the girl. It ranges, however, from P100 to a few thousands. In the past the claim is isa tao (literally, one person) or one person which can be substituted in cash (paras). F. Training to assume rights and dutiesWhen the proposal for marriage is accepted, rights and duties of both parties defined by the tradition take effect. Neither of them can back out the agreement, otherwise a fine shall be imposed on the violator without a substantial ground. The boy has the right to sleep in the house of the girl and show his best behavior to the girl and her parents, not only to win their love (so that if there is a little difference in the betang he can bargain for it), but also as a kind of training for him be treated with even more difference than one’s own parents.During the boy’s first night in the house, he is given the best available malong (circular blanket with openings at both ends) as his souvenir which he uses during the engagement period and keeps for himself. The gesture symbolizes honor and welcome. The boy’s permission must be sought when the girl goes out to attend some gathering or to some important business. He is expected to accompany her not only to ensure her safety but to provide for her financial expenses, if any.If the girl is attending a social gathering like kalilang, he must go with her, because if she plays the kolintang he is expected to accompany her on the agong, otherwise he will be demeaned if some other boy plays the accompaniment. This practice appears to have died ou t since the Martial Law period. The girl’s failure to seek the permission of the prospective husband can be a ground for breaking the proposal, or else the parents of the girl are fined a certain amount (sala) to be negotiated by the go-between or to be determined by the datu in the community, in accordance with the taritib and igma.This practice is not strongly adhered to in recent time especially in the City. The boy may help this prospective parents-in-law in their work. This is highly recommended in order that he would gain their esteem and appreciation. He is also expected to provide some assistance in the form of foodstuff, like rice or money. If the girl smokes, he has to bring her cigarettes.

Consumer Culture in the Twenty First Century Essay

Consumer Culture plays a significant role in our everyday lives. The articles In Praise of Consumerism and Needing The Unnecessary; The Democratization of Luxury by James Twitchell show strong arguments in favour of consumer culture. Both articles focus on how important consumerism has become in the modern commercial world and how more people wealthy or middle class are buying luxury items to be accepted by others in society. People in today’s society who buy luxury items find it â€Å"arousal seeking† and it is believed that consumerism will soon be the new world culture. These two articles show similar views on consumerism and hold valid information in favour of consumer culture. Korten shows that the transition from an Empire to Earth Community would be alot easier without the increase in consumerism in the 21st century. James Twitchell wrote an article In Praise of Consumerism about how consumerism is a significant part of everyday life. Commercialism is in practically everything that we encounter on a day to day basis. It is in the water we swim in, the air we breathe, our sunlight and shade. In our society you can’t consume an object without consuming meaning which is a major part of the modern commercial world. People like having things and it has come down to the quality and quantity of what you have as to how you are perceived by others in society. Twitchell states in his article that the American Century will be the next era and that it will likely be the commandeer of the 21st century. So basically American culture is well on its way to being recognized and used by cultures all over the world. It will soon be the new world culture. Korten states that the United States has been the world’s most aggressive national proponent of economic growth and consumerism as the tickets to happiness; however what did clearly increase in the United States over this period were measures of depression, anxiety, distrust and psychological dysfunction. Although this article focuses on consumerism being a positive development for the 21st century, Korten shows that along with consumerism comes many personal and social issues. In the article Needing The Unnecessary: The Democratization of Luxury he talks about how consumerism has changed from the 1950s to the twenty first century. In the 1950’s the wealthy upper class people were the ones who had  the luxury items and they could flaunt what they had. But if you were a middle class person who had luxury items you had to be very subtle about it. If you flaunted what you had you were frowned upon by other people in society because luxury items were lightly tainted with shame. In the 21st century it is completely the opposite. Since the 1980’s more middle class people have been buying more luxury items as opposed to the wealthy. Alot of people are buying things they can’t afford with money they don’t have by using credit cards, loans, mortgages and cash advances. This allows more middle class people to buy more luxury items as opposed to wealthy people, but this doesn’t mean they can actually afford it which in time can cau se many more problems. According to Twitchell to understand the material culture in the beginning of the 21st century, you have to understand the high importance of unnecessary material. It is believed that you are what you consume and practically everything you consume is not needed. Consumer culture focuses on community. People regardless of their class are buying more luxury items to look cool and also to be admired and welcomed by others of the same lifestyles. Earth Community offers an alternative to the alienation and the sorrows of Empire, a way of living that places life values ahead of financial principles of domination. Korten shows that in an Earth Community you don’t need luxury items to be accepted by society. Consumerism focuses on providing society with its unnecessary and necessary needs. Twitchell believes that in this post modern world we have replaced the knowledge of production with the knowledge of consumption. To justify this way of thinking many people feel that nowadays not everyone is a worker but everyone is a consumer. So why not focus on educating society on the area that will be useful for all. Twitchell believes that what you buy becomes more important than what you make therefore luxury is not a goal, it is a necessity. Twitchell believes that Humans are consumers by nature. Consuming luxury has gone from telic (arousal reducing) to paratelic (arousal seeking). Consumerism provides individuals with a temporary â€Å"high on life†. Buying new things makes them feel momentarily happy, powerful and superior. These are all good feelings however they don’t last and many people who don’t have the resources to buy luxury items are buying them. This creates  for them debt, stress, frustration and competitiveness. Those who can’t afford these luxury items show resentment for the ones who can. This causes tension in society and can create an Empire where people are competitive and hostile. The golden rule of Earth Community is do unto your neighbours as you would have your neighbour do unto you as you work together to create a better life for all. Consumerism is focused towards making individuals happy as opposed to everyone. Those people who can’t afford to have the nice things are forced to live with daily reminders through advertisements of things they want but cannot have. Consumerism doesn’t create a better life for all but creates one for those who can afford it. Consumers are fully aware that they are more interested in consuming appearances rather than the object. They enjoy the status that surrounds the objects they buy/own. Korten’s concept of Earth Community is in favour of creating relationships and developing communities by bringing people together. Twitchell makes a good argument showing how consumerism has brought people together. People can now blend into society by simply buying the latest fashions and are no longer being excluded due to their ethnicity, social status, family name, language or religion. High-end items are decreasing the past social restrictions for the 21st century. Twithcell states that high-end consumption promises to do exactly what critics of stuff have always yearned from namely, to bring us together, often traumatically. The transgenerational poor are excluded, as the bottom fifth of our population has not budged an inch in the luxe explosion. Yet more people than ever are entering the much-vaunted global village because of consumption, not despite it. Consumerism is allowing for most people similarities that connect them together and eliminate the previous gaps between social classes. Korten states that relationships, not money are the true measure of well-being. What matters most is our connection to and participation in the life of community. If we were to define human progress by the measure of human happiness we would devote far less of our resources to making money and far more to building community. Korten shows that relationships are more important than money and Twitchell shows that consumerism can help build relationships. As a supporter of David Korten’s concept of Earth Community consumerism makes people more interested in material possessions than community. Consumerism does have some good affects on the community but it restricts people moving away from an Empire towards an Earth Community. If people weren’t so busy trying to get the things they desired they would focus more on meaningful relationships. Korten shows that people who have lots of money are just as happy as people who don’t. When surrounded in a caring community money makes little difference in regards to happiness. Twitchell makes an interesting argument in favour of consumerism and shows that consumerism has an ability to fade the lines between social classes. Consumerism still ignores the extremely poor; however, it can create a larger community of middle and upper class. Works Cited Look Smart; In Praise of Consumerism. James B. Twitchell, Online Edition. Look Smart; Needing the Unnecessary: The Democratization of Luxury. James B. Twitchell, Online Edition. Berrett-Koehler Publishers; The Great Turning from Empire to Earth Community. David C. Korten, San Francisco, CA

Aquaculture essays

Aquaculture essays Aquaculture is the way of the future. As ocean organisms numbers are decreasing rapidly due to the mouthes of humans and the population of humans is rising dromatically there is only one soulotion that is aquaculture. The purpose of this report is to explain the outlines of team multistrand science growing facility. Barramundi are protoandrous hermaphrodites which in English states that they start life as males, reaching maturity at around 3 to 4 years of age and later change SEX and become chicks, usually at around age 5 they live best in water temperatures at 26-30 degrees. Small fish are almost exclusively male with the percentage of females increasing with overall length. Farming Barramundi succesfully require certain environment temperatures and conditions which are  ¡V X Established Hatchery Techniques- Barramundi produce from 30-40 million eggs in a large female so spawining techniques would be induced either with or without hormones. X Ability to be held in captivity at high densities- Barramundi can be kept in very high numbers so long as they are around the same size for they are canabulistic. X Rapid and uniform growth- Barramundi are capable of becoming pan size (35cm) in twelve months. X Ammendable to artificial feeding- Barramundi accept pelletted feeds. X Effiecient food conversion ratio- feeding them enough to put on wieght and not waste the food in the water. X Non Cannibalistic- Barramundi will eat each other when they get the chance if it ¡s a smaller fish so they must kept with the same size roughly. X Disease Resistant- Barrundis must be kept in an adequete environment so they may not tire and contract diseases. X High Meat Recovery- Barramundi have a fairly high meat recovery rate roughly around 40%. But that is on a large scale production compared to our school setup of two tanks with fourteen fish in it. Our te ...

Using French Semi-Auxiliary Verbs

Using French Semi-Auxiliary Verbs The most common  auxiliary verbs  are  avoir and à ªtre. These are the conjugated verbs that stand in front of another verb in compound tenses to indicate mood and tense. In addition to these two, French has a number of semi-auxiliary verbs, which are conjugated in order to express various nuances of time, mood, or aspect. These verbs are followed by an infinitive. Some semi-auxiliary verbs are equivalent to modal verbs in English and some are verbs of perception. Here are the uses and meanings of some frequently used French semi-auxiliary verbs. Aller In present or imperfect tense, aller means to be going to. Je vais à ©tudier. Im going to study. Jallais à ©tudier. I was going to study. In any tense, aller means  to go to/and. Va chercher les clà ©s. Go and look for the keys. Je suis allà © voir mon frà ¨re. I went to see my brother. In any tense, aller is used to emphasize the verb that follows. Je nirai pas rà ©pondre cela. Im not going to dignify that with a response. Je vais te dire une chose. Let me tell you something. Devoir In any tense, except conditional and past conditional, devoir indicates obligation or necessity. Jai dà » partir. I had to leave. Tu dois manger. You must eat. In conditional form, devoir means should. In past conditional, devoir means should have. Je devrais partir. I should leave. Il aurait dà » nous aider. He should have helped us. Faillir Fallir indicates that something almost happened. Il a failli tomber. He almost fell. Jai failli rater lexamen. I nearly failed the test. Faire Causative construction:  to make something happen, to have something done, to make someone do something. Jai fait laver la voiture. I had the car washed. Il me fait à ©tudier. Hes making me study. Laisser To let something happen, to let someone do something. Vas-tu me laisser sortir? Are you going to let me go out? Laisse-moi le faire. Let me do it. Manquer   Followed by optional de, manquer indicates that something was about to happen or nearly happened. Jai manquà © (de) mourir.   I almost died. Elle a manquà © (de) pleurer.   She nearly cried. Paraà ®tre   Paraà ®tre means to appear/to seem to. Ça paraà ®t à ªtre une erreur. That appears to be an error. Il paraissait à ªtre malade. He seemed to be sick. Partir Partir means to leave, in order to, to go to. Peux-tu partir acheter du pain? Could you go out and buy some bread? Il est parti à ©tudier en Italie. He went to study in Italy. Passer Passer means to call/drop in on, to call for, to go to. Passe me chercher demain. Come pick me up tomorrow. Il va passer voir ses amis. Hes going to drop in on his friends. Pouvoir Pouvoir means can, may, might, to be able to. Je peux vous aider. I can help you. Il peut à ªtre prà ªt. He might be ready. Savoir Savoir means to know how to. Sais-tu nager? Do you know how to swim? Je ne sais pas lire. I dont know how to read. Sembler Sembler means to seem/to appear to. Cela semble indiquer que†¦ That seems to indicate that†¦ La machine semble fonctionner. The machine appears to be working. Sortir de Sortir de means to have just done something  (informal). On sort de manger. We just ate. Il sortait de finir. He had just finished. Venir Venir means to come (in order) to. Je suis venu aider. Ive come to help. venir To happen to. David est venu arriver. David happened to arrive. venir de To have just done something. Je viens de me lever. I just got up. Vouloir Vouloir means to want to. Je ne veux pas lire à §a. I dont want to read that. Veux-tu sortir ce soir? Do you want to go out tonight? When Avoir  and  ÃƒÅ tre  Also Act as Semi-Auxiliary Verbs When followed by infinitive, avoir means to have to. Avoir   Vous avez rà ©pondre. You have to respond. Jai à ©tudier. I have to study. Être Être To be in the process of. Es-tu partir? Are you leaving? Être censà © To be supposed to. Je suis censà © travailler. Im supposed to work. Être en passe de To be about to (usually indicates something positive). Je suis en passe de me marier. Im about to get married. Être en train de To be in the process of, to be doing something right now. On est en train de manger. Were eating (right now). Être loin de To not be about/going to. Je suis loin de te mentir. Im not about to lie to you. Être pour To be ready/prepared/willing to. Je ne suis pas pour voler. Im not willing to steal. Être prà ¨s de To be about to, ready to. Es-tu prà ¨s de partir? Are you about to leave? Être sur le point de?   To be about to (positive or negative). Il est sur le point de tomber.   Hes about to fall. French Helping Verbs Any verb that can be followed by an infinitive may be a semi-auxiliary, including (but not limited to): adorer: to adore doingaimer:  to like, love doing(s)arrà ªter de:  to stop doingchercher :  to look to dochoisir de:  to choose to docontinuer /de:  to continue to docroire:  to believe (that one) doesdemander de:  to ask todà ©sirer:  to desire todà ©tester:  to hate doingdire ( quelquun) de:  to tell (someone) to dosefforcer de:  to endeavor to doespà ©rer:  to hope to doessayer de:  to try doingfalloir:  to be necessary to dohà ©siter :  to hesitate to dointerdire ( qqun) de:  to forbid (someone) to dopenser:  to be thinking of, to consider doingpermettre:  to allow to dopersister :  to persist in doingpromettre:  to promise to doprà ©fà ©rer:  to prefer doingrefuser de:  to refuse to dorisquer de:  to risk doing, to possibly dosouhaiter:  to hope to dotà ¢cher de:  to try doingtenter de:  to attempt doingvoir:  to see (someone) do, to see (something) done Word Order with Semi-Auxiliary Verbs   Semi-auxiliary verbs are used in what I call  dual-verb constructions, which have a slightly different word order than compound verb tenses. Dual verb constructions consist of a conjugated  semi-auxiliary verb, such as  pouvoir,  devoir,  vouloir,  aller,  espà ©rer, and  promettre, followed by a second verb in the infinitive. The two verbs may or may not be joined by a preposition. Agreement with Semi-Auxiliary Verbs In semi-auxiliary verb constructions, any direct object belongs to the infinitive, not the semi-auxiliary verb. Therefore, the past participle never agrees with any direct object.   Its a decision that I hated to make.RIGHT: Cest une dà ©cision que jai dà ©testà © prendre.WRONG: Cest une dà ©cision que jai dà ©testà ©e prendre. Here are the books that I wanted to read.Right: Voici les livres que jai voulu lire.  Wrong: Voici les livres que jai voulus lire. However, there may be other kinds of agreement: With the subject of the sentence, if the auxiliary verb of the semi-auxiliary is à ªtre (e.g., Nous sommes venus aider).With the subject of the infinitive.

Congressional Oversight & Strategic Intelligence Essay

Congressional Oversight & Strategic Intelligence - Essay Example The Congress approved this procedure to limit Congress’ participation during emergency situations such as the Iran hostage crisis, as a way of establishing operational secrecy. This is to the effect that even when limited advance notification has been cut down, the President must work in consultation with the eight members of the Congress, known as the Gang of Eight. This therefore means that Congress: established operational secrecy in strategic covert action programmes; and must also participate with the President in consultation with him. This consultative and advisory role still abides, even after the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence [HPSCI] replaced the Gang of Eight, under the FY2010 Intelligence Authorisation Act (Cumming, 2011, p. 6). Although Congress lacks the authority to veto direct covert action, yet it, through the Gang of Eight Members has the mandate and responsibility of influencing the time-frame and the modus operandi of a strategic covert action programme. Through its Gang of Eight Members, Congress is also able to control funding for strategic covert actions. Initially, Congress even made annual provisions for covert actions, from the CIA’s Reserve for Contingency Fund. Presently, all it takes for Congress to control funding for covert actions is for the Gang of Eight, two Congressional committee chairmen and ranking members to agree to oppose continued funding for a specific covert action (Hastedt, 2012, p. 2). On a personal standpoint, the system is effective since it allows Congress to: play advisory roles [and thereby warding off the excesses of the executive]; [and] while also paving way for emergency situations, as is provided for by the US Law. What reforms should be made to strike the delicate balance between the executive and the Congress, so as to facilitate and give accurate meaning to strategic covert action [if the imbalance is fundamental breach to the US

Hertzian Contact Stresses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hertzian Contact Stresses - Essay Example Hertz identifies that the abutment of non-conforming forms was an example of stress accumulation that could be explicated liberated of the geometry and physics of stress field generated in the bodies. According to Heinrich Hertz," we can confine our attention to that part of each body which is very close to the point of contact, since here the stresses are extremely great compared with those occurring elsewhere, and consequently depends only to the smallest extent on the forces applied to other parts of the bodies." By circumscribing concentration to that fragment of the garb padlocked to the areas in contact with each other, the forces and wrench can be observed by evasion the slender cal arch of the surfaces of the two contacted bodies. The hertz theory is stimulated by two factors namely quadratic terms are used to delineate the geometry of general curved surface areas and the area of the body that have a curved surface mutilate as though they have elastic half spaces. From time t o time efforts are made to enhance hertz theory by considering higher order terms in the geometric elaboration of cylindrical or spherical profiles and by calculating the deformations of truly cylinder or spherical solids. Considering the hertz theory with respect to Marine engineering components, it has been observed that these components are designed to accommodate a defined life. Considering the case of Roll Bearings, which are used in ships, has approximately life of 65,000 hours and so accordingly this requires its replacement quite frequently during the tenure of the ship. The failure of these bearings is consorted with the inner raceway. The failures, which include the center radial, bearing of thrust bearing pair and radial drive end bearing, are also experienced. A very close examination depicts that the failure is the result of sub-surface fatigue. Once the cracks are instigated then it lead to grows and promulgate sub-surfaces. Following figure shows typical failure morphology of bearings This figure shows that Hertizan stresses plays important role in this failure process. On canvassing and implicating the Hertz theory in above scenario it is serene that shear forces are effectuated sub-surface and repose on plane close to

Art Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Art Appreciation - Essay Example This will also include regard granted to prominent artists and illustrate their contribution in the field (Beigel 3). Self portrait as part of art work bears a perfectly self-explanatory title by just looking at the structure which depicts its name (Beigel 3). The portrait on discussion and which will be appreciated is an excellent art work with a picture of Piper (Beigel 3). In the portrait, Piper is drawn with the artist revealing her noise being broader, lips fuller than they are in reality (Beigel 3). The portrait of Piper also demonstrates a voluminous luxuriant afro hair similar to the actual hair cover of Piper (Beigel 3). On the same portrait, there is minimal showoff attack on the racial stereotyping (Beigel 5). This is to despite the ironic theme of the drawing. The portrait cannot be treated as just a mere plain work of art but as a tool for searching responses to racism (Beigel 5). In appreciation, the portrait also reveals the sense of emotional works which is directly revealed on the female face. To begin with, the title of the art is self explanatory relating to what the name exactly says. The facial presentation of the drawing shows a direct gazing which seems to be symbolic of how her art confronts society in everyday life (Beigel 5). Piper is the only figure the artwork. The entire portrait only reveals the face, hair up to the shoulders. The portrait posture faces the viewer as the body is grounded at the surface of the portrait (Beigel 8). With her face rough and massive, there is no addition distinct expression on the face of the drawing (Beigel 8). In addition to this, the use of the lines on the drawing is exposed of being heavy, dark and thick. The contours are designed to openly reveal the face to be a woman due to its shape and features added (Beigel 8). Moreover, the texture displayed in the portrait by the artist is totally uneven

Prefeasibility Study of Upper Khudi -A Hydropower Project

Prefeasibility Study of Upper Khudi -A Hydropower Project CE1.1.1 This project entitled Prefeasibility Study of Upper Khudi -A hydropower project is one prepared by group of five students in partial fulfilment of requirement for the bachelors degree in civil engineering. This project was carried out at Kantipur Engineering College, Dhapakhel, Lalitpur, affiliated to Tribhuwan University. Our team comprised of five members and the project itself was supervised by Er. Baburam Bharadwaj (Project Manager of Khudi hydropower limited) CE1.1.2 Being the final year project of our engineering program, the timespan for this project was 1 year. We worked on it from June 2010 to November 2010. During this period, we presented the proposal, conducted the feasibility analysis, project analysis, project design, project defence, final presentation and final report. I was the team lead for my project and was a dedicated member from start to finish CE.1.2 Background CE1.2.1 As the name suggests, Prefeasibility Study of Upper Khudi -A hydropower project, is prefeasibility study aimed to use the theoretical knowledge we had from out text books to better understand the feasibility and optimization of the design of small scale hydropower project centered on Upper Khudi River in Lamjung district of Western Nepal. Majority of Nepalese households rely upon hydropower for their energy needs. So, developing small scale hydropower energy plants can be very efficient energy solutions as the rivers in Nepal are mostly mountain rivers with enough water throughout the year. CE1.2.2 Khudi River has an average slope of 1 in 30 with gravels and boulders forming the river bed. It has a high sediment transport capacity. Upper Khudi Hydropower Project is a run of the river type hydropower scheme designed to produce power using the discharge of the Khudi River. It begins from the confluence of two Rivers, Sundar Khola and Khudi Khola. The catchments area of the River is 133 km2 at the Department of Hydrology Metrology (DHM) station located at Khudi Bazar, which when transformed to our catchments is 25 km2, running from north to south. CE1.2.3 The learning exercise included optimizing schemes per project capacity, sizes of hydraulic structures, penstock and electromechanical equipment and check the sensitivity analysis for the financial parameters which comprised of a significant result of in this feasibility analysis report. The study shows the feasibility of project with sufficient alternatives. We made sure we followed all the organizational rules and regulations of the University as well as the Hydropower Project. CE1.2.4 The project was divided into five parts namely Data collection, Design and modelling, Cost estimation, Project planning and scheduling, Economic and financial analysis. Each member of the team was given one sector each as a main area of study and was responsible for the literature review of that part. I was given the Project planning and scheduling and the Design and Modelling part. CE1.2.5 Organisational Chart CE1.2.6 Project Objective The objective of this study is to find the best project alternative and carry out the pre-feasibility study of the same. The main objectives are highlighted below: To be acquainted with the various aspects of hydropower planning and development. To find out the feasibility of project To know about the major components of the hydropower project. To select the best project alternative. To carry out the engineering design of hydropower components. To calculate the power and energy generated from the project. To carry out the quantity estimation and their cost. To prepare implementation schedule of the project. To carry out optimization of project capacity and components. To carry out financial analysis and sensitivity analysis of the project CE1.3 Personal Engineering Activities CE1.3.1 I have always been passionate about renewable energy and it is the main reason I took engineering as my career. In the context of Nepal, hydropower energy has a lot of scope. Most of the country in the upper hilly and mountainous parts are deprived of energy which is not a hard goal to achieve if small-scale hydropower projects implemented. I consulted my friends to form a group of five. We prepared the proposal to study for a hydropower project that could be used for a real project in the future. Then we prepared the proposal and submitted to the Dept. Of Civil Engineering with a detailed timeline graphed in a Gantt Chart. We consulted with the head engineer designated for this project and proposed that we would submit a study that could somehow facilitate the funded government project. He agreed to help us in every possible way and agreed to become our supervisor. CE1.3.2 Before we started, we decided that we visit a similar small scale hydropower project. We drove to a similar hydropower project that powered a small city called Banepa east of Kathmandu. We talked to the authorities and they allowed us to walk through the entire project and see the dam, the turbines control room, and allowed us to take the specifications of the turbine so that we could have a rough idea of what equipment we had to choose to prepare the analysis of the hydropower project we had to do the project for. I also conducted weekly progress meetings with the team and supervisor to tackle any hurdles that we faced. We consulted with senior professors about my problems and ideas. CE1.3.3 The entire work of this study is done by desk Study and field visit and survey by minor instrument such as Tape, and Abney level etc. All the data and information available from different sources were carefully analyzed to perform the preliminary study of all the necessary components. For the hydrological study of the project, mean monthly discharge of 13 years records of Khudi Khola at Khudi Bazar station (439.3) are obtained from DHM and analyzed using catchment area correlation method to find necessary hydrological parameters. Topographic maps (1:50000) of proposed site was studied for the allocation and design of civil as well as electro-mechanical components of the project. The methodology employed to undertake the study were desk study and map study, field survey and social interaction, literature review, hydrological analysis, screening and selection of the best alternative, hydraulic design of the components of the chosen alternative, cost analysis and preparation of bill of quantities and finally report preparation and presentation. CE1.3.4 The topography of the site is steep and rocky and thus we proceeded deciding that tunneling is the best possible alternative for waterway. As I was given the responsibility of design and modelling, I am explaining what the engineering design from the headwork to the penstock is comprised of in brief. CE1.3.5 The headwork was located at 1290 m elevation. The trench weir was provided for diversion of flow to the intake and passage of high flood water. For design of the weir with length 10m, the design flood is taken as 40.073 m3/s for hundred years-return periods. The trench size has been calculated considering 50% of the trash rack is clogged and the design discharge will be conveyed. The intake was designed to allow abstraction of water from the source with as little sediment as possible, thereby minimizing maintenance and operational costs and providing some measure of protection against damage too (e.g. blocking of the conduit by incoming sediment and debris). A.) Design Aspects of Gravel Trap and Settling Basin: The main design principle of the gravel rap was that the velocity through it should be less than that required to move the smallest size of gravel to be removed. Since the water abstracted from sediment loaded river not only reduces the capacity of the conveyancesystem but also damages the hydro turbines, thereby causing operation and maintenance problems. To cope with economy of energy generation from this, I wanted to design and construct a settling basin before water enters the plant, which helps to limit the entry of sediment into the plant by trapping the particle size greater than 0.2 mm. B.) Headrace Tunnel: The shape as well as the dimensions of the tunnel should be selected such that it should be readily accessible from every direction for control, maintenance and repair. In pressure tunnels operating under high heads, the provisions of lining of concrete (PCC or RCC) and even steel lining including steel pipes may be embedded. To reduce construction costs, relatively high flow velocities should be permitted in tunnels, higher ones than those of open canals. In addition to this I also calculated Friction losses Darcy Weisbach formula. The resulting dimension of the tunnel after all analysis was Inverted D shape 2m in diameter and 1500 m in length. C.) Surge tank: A surge tank is generally constructed immediately prior to penstock or pressure shaft so as to damp out the oscillation in water level as soon as possible and to store water during load rejection until the new velocity has been established. Final design composed of a circular surge with diameter 2 m and height of 13.5 having upsurge and down surge of 6.256m and 4.704 m respectively. D.) Penstock: Penstock is usually the pipeline in between surge tank and turbine inlet. Penstock may be low pressure or high-pressure penstock. Usually it is high pressure. The materials used are usually of steel, reinforced concrete. The pipe diameter and the thickness are such that the stress in steel computed from hoop stress criteria is well within the allowable limit. The hoop stress developed is given by the thin cylinder theory. I design we used inclined underground shaft made of mild steel. E.) Turbine: To maintain the supply even in peak load conditions, two units of Pelton turbines with horizontal Shaft are in housed in the Powerhouse. Two units of generator are used to generate electrical energy. Turbine was selected on the analysis based on available head and design discharge. Two units are provided for continuation of supply on maintenance of one unit also. Also, a tailrace was set to convey the water leaving the power plant back to the river. The tailrace should be designed to maintain the water surface at the elevation specified by the turbine manufacturer and to protect the power plant against flooding by the expected design flood level in the river. E.) Power generation: A 66 KV transmission line has been proposed for the safe and economic transmission of the generated power, along a length of 30 Km for the interconnection of the supply to the national grid at Udaypur. CE1.3.6 The subjects that I was enrolled in the undergraduate like fluid mechanics, hydraulics, water supply, engineering hydrology, survey, engineering drawing etc. helped me a lot to complete and prepare my project. I tried to utilise all my knowledge in utmost way to realise a hydropower project. While doing this project, I not only experienced the applied part of civil and hydropower engineering but also learned a lot of practical skills like communication skills, time management, project presentation and team work. During this project interval, being a group leader I had to solve not only my own but I have to help my group members in technical and other calculation part as well. CE1.3.7 Me along with my team members worked together very hard and could complete the project in the defined time. We could study the pre-feasibility of Upper Khudi and prepare the final report in the designated time. After the completion of this project, I felt a big rise in my confidence level as an engineer and I felt I could easily tackle the obstacles by studying about it, applying the solutions in real life problems. We used various software like MS-Word, MS-Excel, MS-PowerPoint to document the report, prepare presentations and analyze available data. I feel like my reporting skills, drafting skills and drawing skills also utilised professionally over the course of this project. CE1.4 Summary Undertaking this project helped me to use my theoretical knowledge on practical and real life work scenarios relating design and construction of a hydro power plant. We were very happy that the project met all the initial objectives. The project has a conventional B/C ratio of 2.1 and modified of 2.13 and IRR of 23.4%. The total cost of the project is NRs 605,089,628.69 and cost per kilowatt is within the range of prevailing Cost per KW for the projects recently built in Nepal. Hence, the project was financially, technically, socially and environmentally viable, and can be forwarded for further study. In a nutshell, I was efficiently and successfully able to undertake, manage and complete the project ensuring that it met all its objectives within a designated time frame.